ONE HEALTH LAW-BASED RECONSTRUCTION OF ANIMAL QUARANTINE LAW: FROM SECTORAL BIOSECURITY TO TRANSNATIONAL ZOONOTIC RISK GOVERNANCE

Abstract

The increasing emergence of zoonotic diseases in the era of globalization has raised significant challenges for national health security, particularly in relation to cross-border transmission of animal-borne diseases. In Indonesia, the animal quarantine system plays a strategic role as a legal instrument to prevent the entry and spread of infectious animal diseases, however its current regulatory framework is still largely characterized by a sectoral biosecurity approach that focuses primarily on administrative control of animal traffic. This study aims to analyse the legal construction of the animal quarantine system in Indonesian positive law, identify the paradigmatic weaknesses of the sectoral biosecurity approach, and formulate a reconstruction of animal quarantine law based on the one health law perspective to strengthen transnational zoonotic risk governance. This study employs a normative legal methodology using legislative and conceptual approaches, supported by an analysis of relevant primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings reveal that the existing legal framework still reflects fragmented regulation and limited institutional coordination between the sectors of human health, animal health, and environmental protection, which reduces the effectiveness of zoonotic disease control. To address this limitation, the study proposes a conceptual model called the one health animal quarantine governance framework, which integrates regulatory harmonization, cross-sectoral coordination, and strengthened national biosecurity within a unified legal framework. The study concludes that adopting a one health law approach can reposition animal quarantine as part of an integrated public health governance system for managing transnational zoonotic risks.